Social Darwinism and the Holocaust Essays

Social Darwinism and the Holocaust Essays Social Darwinism and the Holocaust Essay Social Darwinism and the Holocaust Essay Social Darwinism is an ideology found commonly within the late nineteenth century. It was inspired from Darwinism and is the result of natural selection. Social Darwinism is a theory rooted in the ability to apply the laws of nature to a society and its people and is often associated with the popular notion of â€Å"survival of the fittest. † However, it is often used to justify social and political policies that discriminate against a certain type of people. What role did Social Darwinism play in the unfolding of the Holocaust? Social Darwinism played a role in the Holocaust through the Theory of Natural Selection and the lead versus follow principle; both allowed Hitler to believe the Aryans as the â€Å"Master† race and the need to exterminate all other peoples, in particular the Jews. It is important to examine and distinguish the differences between Darwinism and Social Darwinism when applying the Theory of Natural Selection to Hitler and the Nazi ideology. Secondly, the concept of human behaviour plays a key role in the unfolding of the holocaust through the Lead versus Follow principle. Darwinism, the philosophy of Charles Darwin, is a biological philosophy that proposes that there is a process of natural selection that seeks to advance superior species. This Theory of Natural Selection acts to slowly accumulate small advancements in genetic mutations. The members of the species that fail to accumulate these small advancements would eventually be subject to extinction and thus leaving the superior members to prosper. Social Darwinism follows the same premises. Social Darwinism’s Theory of Natural Selection states that one group of people are better than all others and thereby the lesser of the peoples are left to die out on their own or there is justification in their execution. The goal is to continuously advance the best members of society to form the best societies possible. Social Darwinism’s Theory of Natural Selection continues to develop the idea that some peoples had advanced more than others and thereby the continuous extinction of more primitive members of society is a natural process and is justifiable to help along this process by forced extinction. Social Darwinists seek to promote the idea of the best societies possible; the most intelligent people, the most beautiful, the healthiest. It was Social Darwinism that had an influential role in the Holocaust through specifically the Theory of Natural Selection. The Theory of Natural Selection as expressed by Social Darwinists is a theory that attempts to protect a selective group of people above all others. To protect these selected people certain restrictions applied. The people deemed to be below the superiors are limited in who they partner with, there is a restriction placed on people so they cannot dirty the gene pool and mix amongst the superior peoples. The superior peoples are given special status and are isolated from anyone who might contaminate the group. [1] Those superior members of society came to be the Aryans. For Hitler this race of people was deemed to be pure and in some way better than all others. Aryans were characterized by blonde hair and blue eyes as opposed to the Jews who had dark hair and darker coloured eyes. According to Hitler and Himmler, a top SS leader, there were many conflicts that Hitler must face; the entire Jewish population, Marxism, freemasonry, and churches. The Jews were thought to be the driving force and â€Å"the origin of all the negatives†[2] that would cause dilemmas for Hitler. It wasn’t a question for Hitler and Himmler if the Jews would hold out; it was a question of merely how long they would last. [3] For Hitler the annihilation of the Jewish population would solve many of his problems and he thought his ruthlessness in their utter destruction would be highly appreciated amongst his peers. Hitler thought that by eliminating the Jews specifically he would be ridding Europe of the bad seeds that were holding back the master Aryan race. According to Hitler ridding Europe of all those who failed to conform to the Aryan standards would be doing the world a favour. By eradicating themselves of the Jews then the Aryans could form a better, more pure and more complete society that would be responsible for future advancements in the European world. [4] To further make the distinction between the superior Aryan people and the unimportant Jewish people new measures began to take place. Jew could no longer practice certain careers; they could no longer keep a business, they were required to clearly identify themselves as Jews, their passports were stamped with a â€Å"J†, and they had to alter their names adding ‘Israel’ to the male name and ‘Sara’ to the female name. [5] Slowly Hitler attempted to execute all the European peoples except the Aryan race. This process can be described as a forced process of selection wherein Hitler chose who would further society and who was not fit to live. A form of The Theory of Natural Selection is at play here yet instead of the selection being a natural process the decisions were made primarily by Hitler who believed the Jewish population was the root of his negative problems. It wasn’t only the Jewish population that seemed to pose a problem for Hitler. Hitler wanted to amass all peoples against the Jews so their extermination wasn’t based solely on his own justification. Hitler wanted to turn people against all those who weren’t part of the Aryan Master Race to a point where they would blindly follow his principles without questioning them. The Lead versus Follow principle is a principle that explains why, through a group mindset, people are more likely to follow a leader because of pressure rather than actual like thinking. This principle is characterized by group think and a single person’s inability to rationally draw conclusions that differ from those expressed by the represented leader. In terms of the Holocaust, Hitler is the leader and the German people are his followers. When characterizing the German people as a group it is easier to see the Germans as a whole system rather than the individuals within it. By doing this Hitler can control a larger portion of the population at once without worrying about individual rebellion because the pressures from peers would crush any objections. [6] This is beneficial to Hitler’s plan to exterminate the Jews because with the coerced support of the German people he was free to act as he wished without fear. Social Darwinism plays a role here through the idea that if there was no public rebellion then they too believed that the Jews needed to be executed to preserve the sanctity of their superior race. Whether or not this was actually the mindset of the German people was not important, what was important was that Hitler was able to alter the culture of the people. Culture is a group phenomenon which has the ability to remain unchanged for generations yet when faced with a single change has the power to adapt into a completely new and complex system. It makes individuals dependent on the society until it stabilizes. [7] Hitler realized this and through his dictatorship he altered the mindset of the German people to a point where they themselves began to believe in their own superiority. The idea of superiority over another is a premise of Social Darwinism, a premise that the people Hitler deemed Aryan began to believe. In conclusion, Social Darwinism played a role in the Holocaust through the Theory of Natural Selection and the Lead versus Follow principle. Both recognized Hitler’s choices behind the eradication of mainly the Jewish population. Social Darwinism is a concept that can be used to examine the ideas behind Hitler’s dictatorship over the German population and his need to glorify the Aryan race and exterminate the Jewish one. Alexander, Richard D.. Darwinism and human affairs. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1979. Alland, Alexander. Evolution and human behavior. Garden City, N. Y. : Natural History Press, 1967. Bergman, Jerry. Darwinism and the Nazi Race Holocaust The True Origin Archive. trueorigin. org/holocaust. asp (accessed November 9, 2010). Fritzsche, Peter. Life and death in the Third Reich. Cambridge, Mass. : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008. Kershaw, Ian. Hitler, 1936-45: nemesis. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000. 1] Jerry Bergman, Darwinism and the Nazi Race Holocaust, 1999, trueorigin. org/holocaust. asp [2] Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1936-45: Nemesis, New York: New York, 2000, 130 [3] Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1936-45: Nemesis, New York: New York, 2000, 130 [4] Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1936-45: Nemesis, New York: New York, 2000, 135 [5] Peter Fritzsche, Life and Death in the Third Reich, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2008, 81 [6] Alexander Alland, Evolution and Human Behavior , New York; The Natural History Press, 1967, 169 [7] Richard D. Alexander, Darwinism and Human Affairs, University of Washington Press, 1979, 67

Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood-Free-Samples for Students

Emerging adulthood has been reckoned as a phase in an individual’s life spanning from age 18 to 25 years that falls within the period encompassing late adolescence and early adulthood.   It has been designated as the age of identity exploration characterized by vital attributes such as instability, self-focus, sense of plethora of possibilities for the future alongside feeling in between adolescence and adulthood. This proposed distinctive stage has been found to vary significantly between developed and developing nations (Arnett, 2014). The normative social in addition to the psychological conditions are depicted by virtue of this stage that may be further equated and corroborated with the Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development which aims to emphasize on personality build up from childhood to adulthood through consideration of the external factors, society and parents (Syed, 2015). As per Erikson’s theory, a person’s life cycle is divisible into e ight interrelated stages that a person must pass through during his or her lifetime. The age group for emerging adulthood may be related to the young adulthood phase as described by Erikson. In this age group of young adulthood, people tend to seek companionship and love whereby psychological strengths rest on these virtues primarily. A crisis for intimacy over isolation often engulfs this vulnerable group. They are on the lookout for satisfying relationships and deep intimacy at this phase and in case of non-conformance to such ambitions, isolation might occur. Associations and bonding tend to be stronger with the marital partner and friends through nurturing (Dunkel & Harbke, 2017). Thus, it may be said that emerging adulthood and Erikson’s stage of young adult is essentially interrelated. Arnett, J. J. (2014).  Adolescence and emerging adulthood. Boston, MA: Pearson. Dunkel, C. S., & Harbke, C. (2017). A review of measures of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development: Evidence for a general factor.  Journal of Adult Development,  24(1), 58-76. Syed, M. (2015). Emerging adulthood: Developmental stage, theory, or nonsense.  The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood, 11-25.

Introduction; Vision, Mission, and Stakeholders Case Study

Introduction; Vision, Mission, and Stakeholders - Case Study Example A few years later Shultz bought the founders out and in 1992, Starbucks had grown to 150 stores across the Northwest and Midwest. Shultz took the company public raising over 25 million dollars. Starbucks' success was built on two things - the store experience (Starbucks' image) and the quality f its product. It really is a better cup f coffee the first one is so sacred that on Starbucks employees initiative the chain even prohibited smoking in its stores in Vienna, where cigarettes and coffee are inseparable, because Starbucks doesn't want anything to interfere with the seductive scent f fresh-brewed espresso. That's why top-management f Starbucks deeply believed that employees make the store that they work in. A Starbucks employee needed to be very knowledgeable, communicative, and helpful to the customers. Customers need to know the difference in the new roasted coffee Starbucks will offer. Well-educated employees will surely handle this requirement. Starbucks need to use powerful cultural motivations to drive the identification f opportunities. (Rae 2006) In Starbucks all employees are called "partners," signaling a level f responsibility maintained by few companies with sales in the billions f dollars. Anyone who has an idea uses a one-page form to pass it to the senior executive team--and gets a response. When the company pursues an idea, its author, regardless f tenure or title, is typically invited to join the launch team as a full-time member. New-style marketing organizations, by contrast, hire marketers not for jobs but for two broad kinds f roles: those f integrators and specialists. If communications are to be used effectively then there is a need to communicate aspects f the direction in which the organization intends moving and how it intends to achieve this. In other words, the business philosophy and its aims and objectives, often expressed formally through mission and vision statements, need to be communicated to particular audiences in a way that is synchronized and co-ordinated with the organization's other communication activities. In case f Starbucks mission sounds like this: "Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor f the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles as we grow". The development f the mission statement was the start f the company's marketing management initiative. Starbucks overall objective in the eye's f the leaders was defined. This mission does not want to jeopardize the quality, ambiance, or service due to expansion into a global marketplace. Besides writing a mission, Starbucks has outlined their guiding principles, which they follow in their business: 1. Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity; 2. Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business; 3. Apply the highest standards f excellence to the purchasing, roasting, and fresh delivery f our coffee; 4. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all f the time; 5. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment; 6. Recognize that profitability is essential to our future success. Starbucks chose the second one (Product Concept) and their success over the past 25 years has a lot to do with the quality f the product, which has attracted a loyal and growing following among consumers.

HR assignment for BP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

HR assignment for BP - Essay Example They are a very core part of the human resource management of any big company. Still under line managers, there are front-line managers who act as teams leaders and supervisors and report to the line mangers they work under. Having line managers makes the overall management function of a company simple and well coordinated (Gomez-Mejia and Robert, 2008). IT training has become an indispensable part of managing a big business with ease. It involves imparting computing skills to employees who run the virtual functions of a business. Today’s big businesses have immensely reduced paper-works and resorted to having very secure databases, and networked computer system which make global outreach not much of a hustle. In this front, BP conducts IT training on regular basis to ensure that the IT systems run effectively and are secure from hacking and other cyber-threats (Han et al, 2006). No business competes favorably today without integrating IT in their core operations. Training must be carried out from time to time in order to conform to the dynamicity of the computer world. At the end of such training, assessments need to be conducted to check if it was done in a manner that meets the prescribed standards (Proctor, 2011). Line managers and IT training are thus two different sections of a business, but that doesn’t rule out the fact they work harmoniously in order to achieve the goals of a company. They both are very important and must be run efficiently and

Napoleon :: essays research papers

The Napoleonic wars did have a large impact on industrialization in Europe as a result of realizations and actions taken to better their countries after the Napoleonic wars. Although the Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the 1700’s it was boosted in the early 1800’s after the Napoleonic wars because of reform that was needed. Industrialization then started spreading throughout Europe and into North America in the early 1800’s. By the mid-1800’s industrialization was widespread. This was all a result, somewhat indirectly of the Napoleonic wars. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain for several reasons. By the mid-1700's, the country had become the world's leading colonial power. Great Britain's colonies not only provided raw materials, but also provided markets for manufactured products. These colonial markets helped stimulate the textile and iron industries, which were probably the two most important industries during the Industrial Revolution. The demand for British goods grew rapidly during the late 1700's both in Britain and in other countries. This demand forced businesses to compete with each other for the limited supply of labor and raw materials, which raised production costs. The rising costs began to cut into profits. Further demand could not be satisfied until Britain enlarged its capacity to produce goods inexpensively. British merchants did not want to raise the prices of their goods and discourage demand. So, they sought more economical and efficient ways of using money and labor so the amount each worker produced would increase faster than the cost of production. The merchants achieved their goal through the development of factories, machines, and technical skills, thus, industrialization. The French Revolution began in 1789, after the start of industrialization. At first, many British approved the revolution as a triumph of liberty for the French people. But they changed their mind after the revolution grew more violent. Britain’s foreign policy was based on keeping the balance of power in Europe so that no country could gain control of another. This led them to form alliances with weak countries when they were in need. Therefore, when the new French government seized Belgium and threatened the Netherlands Britain protested and in 1793 they went to war. Napoleon Bonaparte led the French beginning in 1799. In 1803 he began to plan to invade Britain, but his naval power was crushed in the Battle of Trafalgar. He then tried to defeat them by ordering all of the countries under his command to close their markets off to Britain.

Instead of continuously making Essay

As a Health Educator working for an international health organization, I would conduct a need assessment process that aims to determine the problems related to how the trash is managed in the community. I would do so by visiting the factories of different industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to FMCGs, where I would analyze how the waste material is dumped or discarded by them. Secondly, I would conduct surveys through questionnaires and informal interviews with people of households and shopkeepers that would focus on how they discard the waste, why do they do so, how often, and what do they lack in effectively disposing of the waste. After gathering enough information about this, I would ascertain the problems or unwanted outcomes that are created by improperly discarding the waste materials. For example, who are affected the most, what affects them precisely, and the extent to which they are affected negatively by improper trash management. As far as the paper products are concerned, we sloppily use them and do not utilize them to their fullest. For instance, a note book or a writing pad often goes into the trash bin with lots of unused pages. Instead of continuously making new paper products such as, copies or tissue papers, we can recycle them and save a great amount of time and cost. Other technological devices and instruments are no exception, and can also be recycled and refurbished which results in saving time, costs, and energy – both by the producers and consumers. Now let’s talk about the ways and procedures that are used to recycle the products. The resources are very much available within the community; nevertheless, if someone is lacking then we would provide them the resources to cope with the problem. One way of doing so is Curbside recycling, which is the process where the residents or subscribers are provided with trash cans and are asked to confirm their recyclables, sort them out separately, put them in the bin outside their home, and keep them clean. The recyclers would come, pick the trash or materials and take them away. Recycling drop-off centre is another technique where people can drop-off the used products or materials that are listed or guided to them to a certain location, point, or centre from where the material is taken away for recycling. Yard waste recycling encourages people to bring and deposit their yard debris or green waste to the centers for the purpose of minimizing the load on landfills and providing recycled fertilizers for the use in public parks and other areas. People can find out waste or debris and can deposit or pile it up in their backyard (Selvon, 2008). And finally, ECO-CELL is another way of recycling the technological devices or instruments such as, cell phones, computers, and printers. Answer – 2 I would involve the community in the needs assessment process by creating a buzz among them about the alarming situation of waste management and its hazardous impacts over the community. I would initiate campaigns that would be designed and carried out against the improper trashing and polluting the environment; moreover, those campaigns would create awareness among the people about how they are affected, what is the better way of trashing, and how they can be benefitted from that. People would be asked to search and tell us about the problems they and other people face in the community, and what has worsened than before. Several gifts and prize money would be given as an incentive to the people to come and participate in the need assessment program and overcome the issue of improper trash management. References Selvon. M. (2008). Recycling Yard Waste is a Great Composting Solution. Retrieved on July 28, 2010. From http://ezinearticles. com/? Recycling-Yard-Waste-is-a-Great-Composting-Solution&id=1150298

The Theories of Sigmund Freud Essay - 682 Words

Sigmund Freud, known as the father of psychology, has developed some of the first theories of modern psychology. One of his well known theories is the structural model of the psyche. According to Freud, most of what drives humans is buried in the unconscious mind. There are three main forces that drive humans: the id, the ego, and the super-ego. The id is the sum of basic personal needs and desires. It is completely selfish and has no care for sensibility or reality. It strives for what it wants, when it wants it with no other considerations and is primarily concerned with sex. The second part of the personality is the ego. The ego is the realization of reality. It is the ego’s job to, in a sense, counteract the selfishness and†¦show more content†¦Emma spends her whole life searching for happiness and contentment. From the time she was a school girl, reading romance and adventure novels, Emma began fantasizing about how she wants her life to be. She dreams of â€Å"prince charming† – in the form a refined gentleman - coming to sweep her off her feet. When she meets Charles, she thinks she has fallen in love and marries him. Soon after the wedding though, she realizes that this is not what she has been expecting from love. Charles is ordinary and dull and Emma is very unhappy in the relationship. When she meets Leon, and realizes that she is attracted to him and she impulsively allows herself to fall for him. Then, when she meets Rodolphe, she once again allows herself to be swept away and in her id follows her desire for a romantic sexual relationship. The act is completely selfish and she acts with no regard to her husband or her daughter Berthe. Emma is devastated when Rodolphe leaves her but later becomes involved in another passionate affair with Leon. All of these things are examples of her id being in control because she acts out of lust and sexual desire. Sexual pleasure is not Emma’s only way of atte mpting to make herself content with life. Material things become very important to Emma. Her financials troubles begin the day that Monsieur Lheureux, a dry-goods merchant comes to visit. TheShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud Theories1254 Words   |  6 Pages Sigmund Freud is a well known name in the world of social science. Freud is responsible for revolutionary concepts such as the defense mechanisms and the iceberg metaphor outlining the human psyche. The knowledge of Freud’s concepts such as these have allowed me to gain a more thorough understanding of the complexity of my psyche and the causes of my behaviours in my everyday life. 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